Institutions and those who experienced them...

Sternlicht and Siegel (1968) identify the overall concern in 1968 with the conditions of institutions. At that time, it was acknowledged that while it was residential there was a significant deficit in social interactions among people who lived there, primarily the individuals with disabilities (Sternlicht & Siegel, 1968). While this article is old, it is a good depiction of the concerns during the time of institutionalization. The decline of intellectual functioning during institutionalization was also an effect of being institutionalized; individuals had no affection, inadequate attention and stimulation in daily life, as well as no social relationships (Sternlicht & Siegel, 1968). This was especially evident and more likely to occur in children rather than adults (Sternlicht & Siegel, 1968). While it was thought that this was the most appropriate placement for individuals, children, and adults with a disability, it actually impacted their functioning in more negative ways. 

     Complete a Google search of Willowbrook State School and just look for five minutes at some of the photos of the lives that people lived. There was no quality of life...

                                                                References

Sternlicht, M., & Siegel, L. (1968). Institutional residence and intellectual functioning. Journal

 of Mental Deficiency Research, 12(2), 119-127.